Dementia is a degenerative condition that is basically a group of signs or a syndrome in which there is a general decline in cognitive function followed by behavioural abnormalities. The phases and symptoms of dementia are categorised by the World Health Organisation into three general measurement scales: mild, moderate, and severe. "It can take anywhere from 5 to 15 years for dementia to progress from mild to severe, and good management can help plateau each stage for a long," says Neha Sinha, CEO and co-founder of Epoch Elder Care and a dementia specialist. Even though there is no known cure for dementia, a diagnosis does not mean doom.
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Due to the gradual onset of dementia and the fact that it is less well-known, the early stages are frequently disregarded. Confusion, a tendency to forget words or sentences frequently, withdrawal, or repetition are all noticeable signs during this time. "In the moderate level, symptoms are frequently accompanied by difficult habits like anxiousness and wandering. Dependency on assistance for personal care increases. Some characteristics include an increase in agitation, a loss of language, difficulty understanding instructions, suspicion, incontinence, or a decline in social skills, according to Neha.
The person and their identity quickly disappear in dementia's late or severe stages. Few words can be used for communication. As motor and muscular functions are impacted, a decline in physical health becomes more obvious. Neha continues, "In the late stage of dementia, there is nearly total dependence and inactivity, often resulting in the elder becoming bedridden and confined to a wheelchair." As a result, managing this condition at home is difficult, but carer education and knowledge can be of great assistance.
It's crucial to regulate nutrition. In order to delay feeding through the stomach, make sure the texture of the food is changed as needed (semi-solid, soft, or liquid). Chewing (and later, swallowing) problems may develop. Drink water frequently to prevent dehydration-related problems such as urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Maintaining a consistent schedule and keeping track of specifics like limiting beverage intake before night might help manage incontinence. Use underpads and diapers that are comfy.
Activities usually tend to be more passive and focus on assisting the older in strengthening all of their senses. Music is a proven form of therapy that makes all actions easier to carry out. People with dementia can maintain and improve their inherent affection with the aid of pets or dolls. Additionally, carers can try simple motor and sensory exercises like squeezing and tossing a ball, colouring, and drawing.
An essential component of elder care is maintaining healthy skin. Practise shifting positions to ease body pressure and enhance circulation to prevent rashes and bed sores. Regularly moisturise your skin and hair to avoid dryness. Keep in mind to safeguard the bony areas and avoid letting the joints freeze.
Last but not least, carers must have patience and time! Take a pause to relax and recharge. Ask for assistance from other family members or experts. The elderly person and carers may both manage dementia at home with a combination of love, affection, patience, and direction.
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